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Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine in the back and/or lumbar regions, which usually occurs more frequently in girls during adolescence. Scoliosis is a three-dimensional curving deformity of the spine over 10 degrees.
In a normal and healthy spine, the vertebrae extend in a straight line from top to bottom, that is, in the neck, back and waist regions when viewed from the back. In scoliosis, the vertebrae are displaced to the right or left and at the same time rotate around their own axis. When looking at the spine from the back, the curvature can be noticed even when standing straight, sometimes it is not so clear and can only be understood in case of forward bending or on physician control and X-ray films. Scoliosis curves are defined as major and minor curves. The apex is the place where the curvature is most angled, that is, the vertebra that rotates the most from the vertical axis and moves the farthest from the midline. Scoliosis is also named according to the level of the spine where this apex vertebra is located.
It is defined as cervical if the apex is in the neck region, lumbar if it is in the lumbar region, and thoracic if it is in the back, or a combination of these.
Scoliosis can progress according to age, gender and degree of curvature. Especially in structural scoliosis, the degree of curvature progresses faster during the transition period to puberty, where growth is the fastest. In the post-adolescent period, the progression stops during and after the closure of the epiphyses, which are the growth nuclei of the bones. The curvature becomes particularly evident by leaning forward, and the posture of the vertebrae on the side with more rotation creates a significant height on this side with the push in the ribs, this is called the (rib hump) pack.
One of the first signs of scoliosis is the asymmetrical line of the skirt or clothing as a result of the clothes that could be worn before not fit the body properly. The other most common finding is the scapula protrusion on the right side. One shoulder may be higher than the other and there is a tendency to lean to one side. Your shoulders and hips are not symmetrical, the spine is curved sideways. Asymmetry at the level of the back and scapula is typical when children lean forward with their arms hanging down. Low back and back pain is not a common finding in scoliosis. In cases where curvature is accompanied by pain, inflammatory diseases and tumors of the spine and the spinal cord passing through it should be considered. Symptoms of scoliosis in adulthood; Functional disorders related to lung, heart, waist and back pain occur.
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